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African American Publications

Abe, K., K. J. Mertz, et al. (2006). "Characteristics of black and white suicide decedents in Fulton County, Georgia, 1988-2002." American Journal of Public Health 96(10): 1794-1798.
Adamek, M. E. and M. S. Kaplan (1996). "Firearm suicide among older men." Psychiatric Services 47(3): 304-306.
Adcock, A. G., S. Nagy, et al. (1991). "Selected risk factors in adolescent suicide attempts." Adolescence 26(104): 817-828.
Alston, M. (1995). "Suicide in African American elderly." Journal of Black Studies 26 (1).
Alston, M. H. (1989). "The occupational environments of African-American woman suicide victims." Journal of Black Studies 20(2): 170-179.
Anderson, P. L. 2002). "Additive impact of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse on suicide attempts among low income African-American women." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 32(2): 131-8.
Anglin, D. M., K. O. S. Gabriel, et al. (2005). "Suicide acceptability and religious well-being: A comparative analysis in African American suicide attempters and non-attempters." Journal of Psychology and Theology 33(2): 140-150.
Bagley, C. and S. Greer (1972). "Black suicide: A report of 25 English cases and controls." Journal of Social Psychology 86: 175-179.
Baker, F. M. (1990). "Black youth suicide: Literature review with a focus on prevention." Journal of the National Medical Association 82: 495-507.
Baker, F. M. (1994). "Suicide among ethnic elderly: A statistical and psychological perspective." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 27: 241-264.
Barnes, D. H. (2006). "The aftermath of suicide among African American." Journal of Black Psychology 32(3): 335-348.
Bingham, C. R., L. D. Bennion, et al. (1994). "An analysis of age, gender and racial differences in recent national trends of youth suicide." Journal of Adolescence 17: 53-71.
Blake, W. M. and C. A. Darling (1994). "The Dilemmas of the African American Male." Journal of Black Studies 24(4): 402-415.
Blum, R. W., T. Beuhring, et al. (2000). "The effects of race/ethnicity, income, and family structure on adolescent risk behaviors." American Journal of Public Health 90(12): 1879-1884.
Blum, R. W., L. Halcon, et al. (2003). "Adolescent health in the Caribbean: risk and protective factors." American Journal of Public Health 93(3): 456-460.
Borowsky, I. W., M. Ireland, et al. (2001). "Adolescent suicide attempts: Risks and protectors." Pediatrics 107(3): 485-493.
Brown, G. K., T. T. Have, et al. (2005). "Cognitive therapy for the prevention of suicide attempts: a random controlled trial." The Journal of the American Medical Association 294(5): 563-570.
Burr, J. A., J. T. Hartman, et al. (1999). "Black suicide in the U.S. metropolitan areas: An examination of the racial inequality and social integration-regulation hypothesis." Social Forces 77: 1049-1081.
Bush, J. A. (1976). "Suicide and blacks: A conceptual framework." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 6(4): 216-222.
Bush, J. A. (1978). "Similarities and differences in precipitating events between black and anglo suicide attempts." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 8(4): 243-249.
Carpenter, K.M., Hasin, D.S., Allision D.B., Faith, M.B. (2000). Relationships Between Obesity and DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder, Suicide Ideation, and Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempts: Results from a General Population. American Journal of Public Health, 90(2).
Casale, S. (1995). Suicide and Custody. Aids Care, 7(2), 4.
Castle, K., P. R. Duberstein, et al. (2004). "Risk factors for suicide in blacks and whites: An analysis of data from the 1993 national mortality followback survey." American Journal of Psychiatry 161(3): 452-458.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1998). "Suicide among black youths – United States, 1980-1995." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 47(10): 193-196.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000). "Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance – United States, 1999." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 49(SS-5).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002). "CDC Surveillance summaries: Youth risk behavior survey, 2001." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 50(SS-4).
Chakraborty, A. and K. McKenzie (2002). "Does racial discrimination cause mental illness?" British Journal of Psychiatry 180: 475-477.
Chaundron, L. H. & Remington, P. (1999). Age and gender differences in suicide trends, Wisconsin and the United States, 1980-1994. Wisconsin Medical Journal, 98(6), 3.
Chance, S. (1998). "Suicidal behavior in African American individuals: current status and future directions." Cultural Diversity and Mental Health 4(1): 19-37.
Comer, J. P. (1973). "Black suicide: A hidden crisis." Urban Health 2: 41-44.
Compton, M. T., N. J. Thompson, et al. (2005). "Social environment factors associated with suicide attempt among low-income African Americans: The protective role of family relationships and social support." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40(3): 175-185.
Cook, S. (2002). "Suicidality in older African Americans: findings from the EPOCH study." The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 10(4): 437-46.
Copeland, V. C. (2005). "African Americans: Disparities in health care access and utilization." Health and Social Work 30(3): 265-270.
Crosby, A. E. and S. D. Molock (2006). "Introduction: Suicidal behaviors in the African American community." Journal of Black Psychology 32(3): 253-261.
Das, A. K., M. Olfson, et al. (2006). "Depression in African Americans: Breaking barriers to detection and treatment." The Journal of Family Practice 55(1): 30-39.
Davis, R. A. (1979). "Black suicide in the seventies: Current trends." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 9(3): 131-140.
Davis, R. A. (1980). "Black suicide and the relational system: Theoretical and empirical implications of communal and family ties." Research in Race and Ethnic Relations 2: 43-71.
Davis, R. A. (1980). "Suicide among young blacks: Trends and perspectives." Phylon 41(3): 223-229.
Davis, R. A. (1982). "Black suicide and social support system: An overview and some implications for mental health practitioners." Phylon 43(4): 307-314.
Davis, R. A. and J. F. Short (1977). "Dimensions of black suicide: A theoretical model." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 8(3): 161-173.
Dunston, P. J. (1990). Stress, coping, and social support: Their effects on black women. Handbook of mental health and mental disorders among Black Americans. D. S. Ruiz. New York, Greenwood Press: 133-147.
Durant, T., J. Mercy, et al. (2006). "Racial differences in hopelessness as a risk factor for a nearly lethal suicide attempt." Journal of Black Psychology 32(3): 285-302.
Early, K. E. (1992). Religion and suicide in the African-American community. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press.
Early, K. E. and R. L. Akers (1993). ""It's a white thing": An explanation of beliefs about suicide in the African-American community." Deviant Behavior 14: 227-296.
Feldman, M. and A. Wilson (1997). "Adolescent suicidality in urban minorities and its relationship to conduct disorder, depression, and separation anxiety." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36: 75-84.
Fernquist, R. M. (2001). "Education, race/ethnicity, age, sex, and suicide: Individual-level data in the United States, 1991-1994." Current Research in Social Psychology 6(18).
Fernquist, R. M. (2004). "Does single motherhood protect against Black female suicide?" Archives of Suicide Research 8: 163-171.
Fernquist, R. M. (2004). "Educational attainment and the payoff of education: Black male suicide in the United States, 1947-1998." Current Research in Social Psychology 9(13).
Flay, B. R., S. Graumlich, et al. (2004). "Effects of 2 prevention programs on high-risk behaviors among African American youth." Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine 158: 377-384.
Flisher, A. J., H. Liang, et al. (2004). "Suicide trends in South Africa, 1968-1990." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 32: 411-418.
Friedman, A. S., A. Terras, et al. (2004). "Depression, negative self-image, and suicidal attempts as effects of substance use and substance dependence." Journal of Addictive Diseases 23(4): 55-71.
Frierson, R. L. and S. B. Lippmann (1990). "Attempted suicide by black men and women: An 11 year study." Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association 88: 287-292.
Garlow, S. J. (2002). "Age, gender, and ethnicity differences in patterns of cocaine and ethanol use preceding suicide." American Journal of Psychiatry 159(4): 615-619.
Garlow, S. J., D. Purselle, et al. (2005). "Ethnic differences in patterns of suicide across the life style." American Journal of Psychiatry 162(2): 319-323.
Garlow, S. J., D. C. Purselle, et al. (2005). "Cocaine and alcohol use preceding suicide in African American and white adolescents." Journal of Psychiatric Research 40, 530-536.
Garrison, C. Z., C. L. Addy, et al. (1991). "A longitudinal study of suicidal ideation in young adolescents." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30(4): 597-603.
Garrison, C. Z., R. E. Valois, et al. (1993). "Aggression, substance use, and suicidal behavior in high school students." American Journal of Public Health 83(2): 179-184.
Gary, F. A. (2003). "Suicide among African Americans: reflections and a call to action." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 24(3): 353-75.
Gibbs, J. T. (1984). "Black adolescents and youth: An endangered species." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 54(1): 6-21.
Gibbs, J. T. (1988). "Conceptual, methodological, and structural issues in black youth suicide: Implications of assessment and early intervention." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 18(1): 73 -89.
Gibbs, J. T. (1990). Mental health issues of black adolescents: Implications for policy and practice. Ethnic Issues in Adolescent Mental Health. A. R. Stiffman and L. E. Davis. Newbury Park, Sage Publications: 21-53.
Gibbs, J. T. (1992). Homicide and suicide among young black males: The Janus face of despair. The African-American male: A second emancipation. C. D. Llewelyn and R. J. Brown. New York, National Urban League: 15-26.
Gibbs, J. T. (1997). "African-American suicide: A cultural paradox." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 27(1): 68-79.
Gibbs, J. T. and A. M. Hines (1989). "Factors related to sex differences in suicidal behavior among black youth: Implications for intervention and research." Journal of Adolescent Research 4(2): 152-172.
Gil, A. G., W. A. Vega, et al. (2002). "Early and mid-adolescence risk factors for later substance abuse by African Americans and European Americans." Public Health Reports 117(3): S15-S29.
Gould, M. S., P. Fisher, et al. (1996). "Psychosocial risk factors of child and adolescent completed suicide." Archives of General Psychiatry 53: 1155-1162.
Gould, M. S., T. Greenberg, et al. (2003). "Youth suicide risk and preventative interventions: a review of the past 10 years." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 42(4): 386-405.
Greenberg, M. and D. Schneider (1992). "Blue Thursday? Homicide and suicide among urban 15-24-year-old black male Americans." Public Health Reports 107(3): 264-268.
Greening, L. and L. Stoppelbein (2002). "Religiosity, attributional style, and social support as psychosocial buffers for African American and white adolescents' perceived risk for suicide." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 32(4): 404-417.
Griffin-Fennell, F. and M. Williams (2006). "Examining the Complexities of Suicidal Behavior in the African American Community." Journal of Black Psychology 32(3): 303-319.
Griffith, E. and C. C. Bell (1989). "Recent trends in suicide and homicide among blacks." Journal of the American Medical Association 262: 2265-2269.
Gutierrez, P. M., J. J. Muehlenkamp, et al. (2005). "What role does race play in adolescent suicidal ideation?" Archives of Suicide Research 9: 177-192.
Gutierrez, P.M., Osman, A., Kopper, B.A., Barrios, F.X. (2004). Appropriateness of the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale for non-White individuals. Assessment, March; 11 (1): 73-84.
Gutierrez, P. M., P. J. Rodriguez, et al. (2001). "Suicide risk factors for young adults: testing a model across ethnicities." Death Studies 25(4): 319-340.
Harris, T. L. and S. D. Molock (2000). "Cultural orientation, family cohesion and family support in suicide ideation and depression among African-American college students." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 30(4): 341-353.
Havens, J. R., D. C. Ompad, et al. (2005). "Suicidal ideation among African-American non-injection drug users." Ethnicity and Disease 15.
Heacock, D. R. (1990). "Suicidal behavior in black and Hispanic youth." Psychiatric Annals 20(3): 134-142.
Hendin, H. (1969). Black suicide. New York, Basic Books.
Hernandez, J. T., M. Lodico, et al. (1993). "The effects of child abuse and race on risk-taking in male adolescents." Journal of the National Medical Association 85(8): 593-597.
Heron, R. L., H. B. Twomey, et al. (1997). "Culturally competent interventions for abused and suicidal African American women." Psychotherapy 34(4): 410-424.
Hickman, L. C. (1984). "Descriptive differences between black and white suicide." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 6: 293-310.
Hill, E. M., C. J. Boyd, et al. (2000). "Variation in suicidality among substance abusing women: The role of childhood adversity." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 19: 339-345.
Hines-Martin, V., M. Malone, et al. (2003). "Barriers to mental health care access in an African American population." Barriers in Mental Health Nursing 24: 237-256.
Howze, B. (1977). "Suicide: Special references to black women." Journal of Non-White Concerns 5: 65-72.
Huey, S. J., S. W. Henggeler, et al. (2004). "Multisystemic therapy effects on attempted suicide by youths presenting psychiatric emergencies." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 43(2): 183-190.
Huey, S. J., S. W. Henggeler, et al. (2005). "Predictors of treatment response for suicidal youth referred for emergency psychiatric hospitalization." Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 34(3): 582-589.
Hunt, I. M., J. Robinson, et al. (2003). "Suicides in ethnic minorities within 12 months of contact with mental health services." British Journal of Psychiatry 183: 155-160.
Ialongo, N. S., A. L. Koenig-McNaught, et al. (2004). "African American children's reports of depressed mood, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation and later suicide attempts." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 34(4): 395-407.
Ialongo, N., McCreary, B.K., Pearson, J.L., Koenig, A.L., Wagner, B.M., Schmidt, N.B., Poduska, J., Kellam, S.G. (2002). Suicidal Behavior among urban, African American young adults. Suicide & Life Threatening Behavior, Fall; 32 (3): 256-71.
Jackson, J.S. , T.N Brown, et al. (1996). “Racism and physical and mental health status of African Americans: A thirteen year national panel study.” Ethnicity and Disease 11(1): 132-137.
Jedlicka, D., Y. Shin, et al. (1977). "Suicide among blacks." Phylon 38(4): 448-455.
Joe, S. (2003). Implications of Focusing on Black Youth Self-Destructive Behaviors Instead of Suicide When Designing Preventative Interventions. . Reducing Adolescent Risk: Toward an Integrated Approach. D. Romer. Thousand Oaks, California, SAGE Publications: 325 - 332.
Joe, S. (2006). "Explaining changes in the patterns of Black suicide in the United States from 1981 to 2002: An age, cohort, and period analysis." Journal of Black Psychology 32(3): 262-284.
Joe, S. (2006). "Implications of national suicide trends for social work practice with black youth." Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 23(4).
Joe, S., Kaplan, M.S., & Marcus, S.O. (2007). “Racial differences in the characteristics of firearm suicide decedents in the United States.” 77(1): 124-30
Joe, S., R. E. Baser, et al. (2006). "Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts among blacks in the United States." The Journal of the American Medical Association 296(17): 2112-2123.
Joe, S. and M. S. Kaplan (2001). "Suicide among African American Men." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 31(1): 106-121.
Joe, S. and M. S. Kaplan (2002). "Firearm-related suicide among young African-American males." Psychiatric Services 53(3): 332-334.
Joe, S. and S. M. Marcus (2003). "Trends by race and gender in suicide attempts among U. S. adolescents, 1991-2001." Psychiatric Services 54(4): 454.
Jones, G. D. (1997). "The role of drugs and alcohol in urban minority adolescent suicide attempts." Death Studies 21(2): 189-202.
Jones, M. B., M. K. Peacock, et al. (1992). "Self-reported anger in black high school adolescents." Journal of Adolescent Health 13: 461-465.
Juon, H. S. and M. E. Ensminger (1997). "Childhood, adolescent, and young adult predictors of suicidal behaviors: A prospective study of African Americans. ." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38(5): 553-563.
Kaplan, M. S., M. E. Adamek, et al. (1994). "Trends in firearm suicide among older American males: 1979-1988." The Gerontologist 34(1): 59-56.
Kaplan, M. S. and O. Geling (1998). "Firearm suicides and homicides in the United States: Regional variations and patterns of gun ownership." Social Science Medicine 46(9): 1227-1233.
Kaplan, M. S. and O. Geling (1999). "Sociodemographic and geographic patterns of firearm suicide in the United States, 1989-1993." Health and Place 5: 179-185.
Karch, D. L., L. Barker, et al. (2006). "Race/ethnicity, substance abuse, and mental illness among suicide victims in 13 US states: 2004 data from the National violent death reporting system." Injury Prevention 12(Suppl II): ii22-ii27.
Kaslow, N. J., C. H. Jacobs, et al. (2006). "Suicidal behavior among low-income African American women: a comparison of first-time and repeat suicide attempters." Journal of Black Psychology 32(3): 349-365.
Kaslow, N. J., A. Sherry, et al. (2005). "Social risk and protective factors for suicide attempts in low income African American men and women." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 35(4).
Kaslow, N. J., A. W. Price, et al. (2004). "Person factors associated with suicidal behavior among African American women and men." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 10(1): 5–22.
Kaslow, N.J., Thompson, M.P., Okun, A., Price, A., Young, S., Bender, M., Wyckoff, S., Twomey, H., Goldin, J., Parker, R. (2002). “Risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior in abused African American women.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Apr; 70 (2): 311-9.
Kaslow, N. J., M. P. Thompson, et al. (2000). "Ratings of family functioning of suicidal and nonsuicidal African American women." Journal of Family Psychology 14(4): 585-599.
Kaslow, N. J., M. P. Thompson, et al. (2000). "Risk factors for suicide attempts among African American women." Depression and Anxiety 12: 13–20.
Kaslow, N. J., M. P. Thompson, et al. (1998). "Factors that mediate and moderate the link between partner abuse and suicidal behavior in African American women." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 66(3): 533-540.
Kendall, J. (1996). "Creating a culturally responsive psychotherapeutic environment for African American youths: a critical analysis." Advances in Nursing Science 18(4): 11-.
Kessler, R. C., P. Berglund, et al. (2005). "Trends in suicide ideation, plans, gestures, and attempts in the United States." The Journal of the American Medical Association 293(20): 2487-2488.
Kessler, R. C., G. Borges, et al. (1999). "Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey." Archives of General Psychiatry 56: 617-626.
Kiev, A. and A. Anumonye (1976). "Suicidal behavior in a Black ghetto." International Journal of Adolescent Medical Health 5(2): 50-59.
Kimbrough, R. M., S. D. Molock, et al. (1996). "Perception of social support, acculturation, depression, and suicidal ideation among African American college students at predominantly Black and predominantly White universities." Journal of Negro Education 65(3): 295-307.
King, C. A., A. Rasking, et al. (1990). "Psychosocial factors associated with urban adolescent female suicide attempts." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 29(289-294).
Kirk, A. R. and R. A. Zucker (1979). "Some sociopsychological factors in attempted suicide among urban black males." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 9(2): 76-86.
Klein, H., K. Elifson, et al. (2006). "Predictors of suicidal ideation among "at risk" cocaine-using African American women." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 36(3).
Kubrin, C. E., T. Wadsworth, et al. (2006). "Deindustrialization, disadvantage and suicide among young black males." Social Forces 84(3).
Kung, H. C., X. Liu, et al. (1998). "Risk factors for suicide in Caucasians and in African-Americans: a matched case-control study." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 33(4): 155-161.
Kung, H. C., J. L. Pearson, et al. (2005). "Substance use, firearm availability, depressive symptoms, and mental health service utilization among white and African American suicide decedents aged 15 to 64 years." American Epidemiology 15(8): 614-621.
Larkin, G. L., Farman, D.B. (2006). Medication Use and Suicidal Ideation in Emergency Department Patients Annals of Emergency Medicine, 48(4).
LaVeist, T. A., R. Sellers, et al. (2001). "Perceived racism and self and system blame attribution: Consequences for longevity." Ethnicity and Disease 11: 711-721.
Lester, D. (1990). "Mortality from suicide and homicide for African Americans in the U.S.A.: A regional analysis." Journal of Death and Dying 22(3): 219-226.
Lester, D. (1991). "Social correlates of youth suicide in the United States." Adolescence 26: 55-58.
Lester, D. (1993). "Economic status of African Americans and suicide rates." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77: 1150.
Lester, D., DeSimone, A. (1995). Depression and suicidal ideation in African American and Caucasian students. Psychological Reports, Aug; 77 (1):18.
Lester, D. (1996). "Inequality of income and rates of violence in Caucasian and black groups." Psychological Reports 76: 978.
Lester, D. (1997). Black riots and black suicide rates. Psychological Reports, Dec; 1134.
Lester, D. (1998). Nonfatal suicidal behavior. Suicide in African Americans, Nova Sciences Publishers, Inc.: 167-185.
Lester, David. (1998). Suicidal behavior in African-American slaves. Omega: Journal of Death & Dying, 37(1):1.
Lester, D. (1998). Theories of black suicide. Suicide in African Americans, Nova Sciences Publishers, Inc.: 129-165.
Lester, D. (1999). "Suicide and homicide in Caribbean Nations." Perceptual and Motor Skills 88: 1350.
Lester, D. (1999). Age and intelligence as mediators of anger in black suicide attempters. Perceptual and Motor Skills, August; 89 (1):338.
Lester, D. (2000). Does residential segregation in cities predict African American suicide rates? Perceptual and Motor Skills, Dec; 91(3 Pt 1):870.
Lindsey, M. A., W. S. Korr, et al. (2006). "Help-seeking behaviors and depression among African American adolescent boys." Social Work 51(1): 49.
Lyon, M. E., M. Benoit, et al. (2000). "Assessing African American adolescents' risk for suicide attempts: Attachment theory." Adolescence 35(137): 121-132.
Mahy, G. (1993). "Suicide behaviour in the Caribbean." International Review of Psychiatry 5(261-269).
Manetta, A. A. (1999). "Interpersonal violence and suicidal behavior in midlife African American women." Journal of Black Studies 29(4): 510-522.
Marcenko, M. O., G. Fishman, et al. (1999). "Reexamining adolescent suicidal ideation: A developmental perspective applied to a diverse population." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 28(1): 121-138.
Marion, M. S. and L. M. Range (2003). "African American college women's suicide buffers." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 33(1): 33-43.
Marion, M. S. and L. M. Range (2003). "Do extenuating circumstances influence African American women's attitudes toward suicide?" Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 33(1): 44-51.
Marzuk, P. M., K. Tardiff, et al. (1992). "Prevalence of cocaine use among residents of New York City who committed suicide during a one-year period." American Journal of Psychiatry 149(3): 371-375.
Mazza, J. J. and W. M. Reynolds (1999). "Exposure to violence in young inner-city adolescents: Relationships with suicidal ideation, depression, and PTSD symptomatology." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 27(3): 203-213.
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McKenzie, K., J. Van Os, et al. (2003). "Suicide and attempted suicide among people of Caribbean origin with psychosis living in the UK." The British Journal of Psychiatry 183(1): 40-44.
Meadows, L. A., N. J. Kaslow, et al. (2005). "Protective factors against suicide attempt risk among African American women experiencing intimate partner violence." American Journal of Community Psychology 36.
Mohler, B. and F. Earls (2001). "Trends in adolescent suicide: Misclassification bias?" American Journal of Public Health 91(1): 150-153.
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Molock, S. D., R. Puri, et al. (2006). "Relationship between religious coping and suicidal behaviors among African American adolescents." Journal of Black Psychology 32(3): 366-389.
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Moscicki, E. K. (1994). "Gender differences in completed and attempted suicide." Annals of Epidemiology 4(2): 152-158.
National Mental Health Association (2000). Depression and African Americans Fact Sheet. Alexandria, National Mental Health Association.
Neeleman, J., V. Mak, et al. (1997). "Suicide by age, ethnic group, coroners' verdicts and country of birth." British Journal of Psychiatry 171: 463-467.
Neeleman, J. and S. Wessely (1999). "Ethnic minority suicide: a small area geographical study in south London." Psychological Medicine 29: 429-436.
Neeleman, J., S. Wessely, et al. (1998). "Suicide acceptability in African- and white Americans: The role of religion." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 186(1): 12-16.
Neeleman, J., C. Wilson-Jones, et al. (2001). "Ethnic density and deliberate self harm; a small area study in south east London." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 55(2): 85-90.
Nisbet, P. A. (1996). "Protective factors for suicidal black females." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 26(4): 325.
O'Donnell, L., C. O'Donnell, et al. (2004). "Risk and resiliency factors influencing suicidality among urban African American and Latino youth." American Journal of Community Psychology 33(1/2): 37-49.
O'Donnell, L., A. Stueve, et al. (2003). "Adolescent suicidality and adult support: The reach for health study of urban youth." American Journal of Health Behavior 27(6): 633-644.
Oquendo, M. A., S. P. Ellis, et al. (2001). "Ethnic and sex differences in suicide rates relative to major depression in the United States." American Journal of Psychiatry 158(10): 1652-1658.
Oquendo, M. A., M. Kamali, et al. (2002). "Adequacy of antidepressant treatment after discharge and the occurrence of suicidal acts in major depression: A prospective study." American Journal of Psychiatry 159(10): 1746-1751.
Oquendo, M.A., D. Lizardi, et al. (2004). “Rates of lifetime suicide attempts and rates of lifetime major depression in different ethnic groups in the United States.” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 110(6)446.
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Palmer, C., M. J. Rysiew, et al. (2003). "Self-esteem, locus of control, and suicide risk: A comparison between clinically depressed White and African American females on an inpatient psychiatric unit." Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work 12(4): 49-63.
Palmer, C. J. (2001). "African-Americans, depression and suicide risk." Journal of Black Psychology 27(1): 100-111.
Parham, T. A. and R. J. McDavis (1987). "Black men, endangered species: Who’s really pulling the trigger? ." Journal of Counseling and Development 66: 24-27.
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